Ten years after the introduction of civil unions, Italy remains the only major country in Western Europe without same-sex marriage. While the rest of the continent has long moved on – from the Netherlands in 2001 to Greece and Estonia in 2024 – Italy has remained stuck.
The failure to legalise same-sex marriage is no longer simply a question of LGBTQIA+ rights. It has become a symbol of a broader political and democratic stagnation in which Italian institutions increasingly lag behind society itself. While public opinion has moved decisively in favour of marriage equality, much of the country’s political class remains
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