On September 14, more than 2.3 million registered voters in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in the southern Philippines will go to the polls for the first regular parliamentary election.
The immediate priority is that the elections should be peaceful, orderly, and credible, but beyond that there is another question that deserves attention: what will political competition look like in communities where political loyalties are changing, particularly in areas historically aligned with the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)? The answer could have important consequences for the peace process.
Election-related violence is not new to the Bangsamoro. It long
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