Eritrea remains a structural challenge to Ethiopia’s national security. The present relationship between the two countries is defined by escalating tensions, in which Asmara, consistent with its broader and long-standing calculation that a stable Ethiopia constitutes a threat, has cultivated alliances with Ethiopia’s diverse rebel groups in order to weaken Addis Ababa. What shape the Ethiopian response to that threat should take has been a matter of debate. Addis Ababa has taken steps to counter the rebels themselves, while Eritrea’s broader antagonism remains unaddressed, a question of considerable sensitivity and complexity because it belongs to the realm of interstate dynamics.
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