There are three types of China shock discourse.
Each has a distinct temporal register.
China shock 1.0 was a phrase coined by US academics in the 2010s to retrospectively summarize the impact on particular US labour markets, which they identified through painstaking empirical investigation.
China shock 2.0 on everyone’s lips in Europe in the mid 2020s is an alarm raised by trans-Atlantic policy thinkers warning of a coming disaster which they project onto Europe’s ailing car industry.
The third type of China shock discourse – commonly known as the “China squeeze” launched most recently by Indian economists Shoumitro Chatterjee and
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